虚拟语气是高中英语教学的重点和难点，在高考中虽然出现得不多，但作为一个独立的语法项目，我们也必须完全掌握它。从高考考查的情况看，三种与事实相反的条件句和主句的基本结构，以及用其他形式代替条件句和虚拟条件句的倒装是考查的重点，本文拟谈高考虚拟语气的常见考点，以便帮助大家掌握这一语法项目。
用于条件句
(一)用于if引导的非真实条件句
If I were a boy，I would join the army．
If my brother had taken my advice，he would have succeeded in the competition.
If it were to rain tomorrow ，the football match would be put off．
注意：主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would／could可以用于各种人称。
Were I to do the work，I should do it some other day．
If I had his telephone number, I would call him now．
If he had worked hard, he would have been in New York now．
(二)用于含蓄条件句
在表示假设的虚拟语气中，有时假设的条件并不以条件从句的形式出现，而是通过上下文或句中内在的逻辑关系，或用其他形式表达出来，这就是“含蓄条件句”。常用的有以下几种方式：
1．介词或介词短语，如but for，without，in case of, under，with，in等。
But for their help，we could not get over the difficulties．
Without music，the world would be a dull place．
2．连词，如or，otherwise，but，in case，lest，for fear that，so that等。
We took a taxi to the airport．Otherwise we should have been late．
He felt very tired yesterday，or he would have attended the party．
注意：由lest，for fear that和in case引起的从句中谓语动词多用“should+动词原形”，但也可以不用虚拟语气，而用动词的陈述语气形式。
3. 分词短语
United (= If they had been united), they wouldn’t have been defeated.
4.动词不定式短语
To hear him speak English, one would think him an Englishman.
5.名词短语和“名词＋ and”结构
A diligent student would have worked harder.
One step further and you would be dead.
6.定语从句
Anyone who had been in your position would have done the same.
7.形容词及其比较级
A more careful person would not have made so many mistakes.
8.独立主格结构或由 with 引导的复合结构
All things considered, the price would be reasonable.
（三）用于混合条件句
条件从句表示的动作与主句表示的动作在时间上不一致的叫混合条件句 （错综时间条件句）。其主句和从句的谓语动词应根据各自所指的时间选用适当的形式，一般从句指过去，主句指现在或将来；或从句不指某一特定时间，主句指过去；或从句用虚拟语气，主句用陈述语气或祈使语气。
If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
If the weather had been more favourable, the crops would be growing better.
（四）虚拟条件句的倒装
在虚拟条件句中，如果从句部分含有 were, should 或 had，可将 if 省略，were, should 或 had置于从句句首，使用倒装。
Were they here now, they could help us.
Should it rain, the crops would be saved.
Had you come earlier, you would have got the ticket.
用于宾语从句
（一）用于 wish 后面的宾语从句
wish 后面的宾语从句可以表示与事实相反的情况，也可以表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。
其宾语从句的动词形式为：
I wish it were spring all the year round.
We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.
I wish it would rain tomorrow.
（二）在 insist, order, command, advise, suggest, propose,demand, require, request，ask 等表示坚持” 、 “命令” 、“建议” 、“要求”等动词后的宾语从句用虚拟语气“（should) ＋动词原形”。
He insisted that I (should) go with them.
He ordered that it(should) be sent back．
注意：如果insist作“坚决主张；坚持要求”讲，接that从句(从句的动作为将要发生之事)时，从句常用虚拟语气，即“(should)+动词原形”，而表示“坚持说；坚决认为”，接that从句(从句的动作多为已发生之事)时，从句使用陈述语气。suggest作“建议”讲时其宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，即“(should)+动词原形”，而作“暗示”、“表明”讲时则要用陈述语气。
He insisted that we(should) accept these gifts．
He insisted that I had read his letter．
She suggested that the class meeting(should) not be held on Saturday．
What he said suggested that he was a cheat．
(三)用于would rather后面的宾语从句。从句谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。在谈到过去的动作时，从句谓语则用过去完成时。
I’d rather you met her at the airport tomorrow morning．
I’d rather you hadn’t told him the news that day．
用于主语从句
“It is+形容词／名词／分词+that从句”句型在表示“惊奇，不相信，惋惜，理应如此”等时，主语从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气，即用“should+动词原形”。这样的形容词有necessary，
important，natural，strange等；分词有desired，suggested，decided，ordered，requested，proposed等；
名词有a pity，a shame等。should意为“应该；竟然”时，可以省去，但不可换用would。
It is necessary that he(should) be sent there at once．
It was a pity that you(should) be so careless．
It is suggested that he(should) be present．
用于if only引起的感叹句
if only表示“如果⋯⋯就好了”，它之后的感叹句常用来表示一种不太可能实现的愿望或向往，因而常用虚拟语气，用过去时表示对现在情况的虚拟，用过去完成时表示对过去情况的
虚拟，用“would／should+动词原形”表示对将来情况的虚拟。
If only she could have lived a little longer．
Look at the trouble I am in! If only I had followed his advice．
I dread the coming exams．If only I could have time to review my lessons．
用于表语从句和同位语从句
在含有advice，idea，orderwish虚拟语气，demand，planwish虚拟语气，proposal，suggestion，request等名词的表语从句和同位语从句中，其谓语动词一般用虚拟语气“(should)+动词原形”结构。
My suggestion is that We(should) start to work at once．
What do you think of his proposal that we(should) put on a play on the English evening?
用于as if，though引导的方式状语从句
在as if／though引导的方式状语从句中，有时用虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；表示将来的可能性不大，用“would(might，could)+动词原形”。
They treat me as though I were a stranger.
用于定语从句
在It is (high／about) time (that)⋯句型中，定语从句的谓语动词用过去式或“should+动词原形”(should不能省略，be用were表示)，意为“早该”。
It is time we left．
It is high time you should go to work．
声明：以上资料来自公众号“天学网”。特此致谢！
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